Bird Pepper
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum
var. glabriusculum
About this plant
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum, commonly known as Bird Pepper, is a wild chili pepper plant native to the Americas. It produces small, hot peppers that are often used in cooking for their spicy flavor. The plant is a shrubby perennial that can grow several feet tall, with green leaves and small white flowers. It is valued for its heat and ornamental appeal in gardens.
Taxonomy
- Genus
- Capsicum
- Family
- Solanaceae
- Higher classification
- Order Solanales
- Plant type
- Shrub
- Lifespan
- Perennial
Origin & Distribution
- Native region
- Southern United States, Mexico, Central America
- Distribution
- Native to southern United States, Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America; cultivated in warm regions worldwide.
Care
- Light preference
- Full sun
- Suitable locations
- Outdoor, Balcony, Greenhouse
- Preferred window facing
- South-facing, West-facing, East-facing
- Watering frequency
- Moderate
- Watering interval
- 3–7 days
- Humidity
- Normal
- Minimum
- 10 °C
- Maximum
- 35 °C
- Optimal
- 20-30 °C
- USDA hardiness zones
- 9-11
- Soil pH
- 6.0-7.0 (slightly acidic to neutral)
- Soil type
- well-draining loam or potting soil mix
Watering. Water regularly to keep soil moist but not soggy. Allow the top inch of soil to dry out between waterings to prevent root rot.
Fertilizing. Feed with a balanced fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season to support healthy growth and fruit production. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can reduce pepper yield.
This plant prefers warm, sunny locations and well-draining soil. It needs regular watering but can tolerate short dry periods. Watch for pests like aphids and keep an eye on soil moisture to avoid overwatering. It is moderately easy to care for with some attention to watering and sunlight.
Propagation
- Propagation methods
- Seeds, Cuttings
- Care difficulty
- Medium
Ornamental features
- Flowering
- Yes
- Flowering period
- summer
Small white flowers and bright red, small hot peppers that add color and interest to gardens.
Toxicity & Safety
- Toxic to humans
- Non-toxic
- Toxic to pets
- Mildly toxic
- Weed potential
- Not considered a weed
Generally safe but the fruit is very hot and can cause irritation if handled improperly. Keep away from children to avoid accidental ingestion.
Allergy information
- Allergy risk
- Low
- Allergy triggers
- Skin contact, Sap or latex
- Pollen level
- Low
Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum may cause mild skin irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, especially from contact with its sap or handling the fruit. People who are sensitive to chili peppers should wear gloves when handling and avoid touching their face. Washing hands after contact helps reduce exposure.
Common problems
Common problems include overwatering leading to root rot, pests such as aphids or spider mites, and insufficient sunlight causing poor growth or fruiting.
Uses
Grown for its hot peppers used in cooking and as an ornamental plant in gardens and containers.
Notes
Prune to maintain shape and encourage bushier growth. Repot or transplant in spring. Protect from frost as it is sensitive to cold temperatures.