Coca plant
Erythroxylum coca
About this plant
Erythroxylum coca is a small shrub native to South America, known for its glossy green leaves. It has been traditionally used by indigenous peoples for its stimulant properties. The plant grows slowly and prefers humid, tropical environments. It is mainly cultivated for its leaves, which contain alkaloids.
Taxonomy
- Genus
- Erythroxylum
- Family
- Erythroxylaceae
- Higher classification
- Order Malpighiales
- Plant type
- Shrub
- Lifespan
- Perennial
Origin & Distribution
- Native region
- Peru, Bolivia, Colombia
- Distribution
- Native to the Andean regions of South America, especially Peru, Bolivia, and Colombia. It is also cultivated in some tropical regions under controlled conditions.
Care
- Light preference
- Partial shade
- Suitable locations
- Indoor, Greenhouse, Outdoor
- Preferred window facing
- East-facing, Southeast-facing, South-facing
- Watering frequency
- Moderate
- Watering interval
- 3–7 days
- Humidity
- High
- Minimum
- 15 °C
- Maximum
- 30 °C
- Optimal
- 20-28 °C
- USDA hardiness zones
- 10-12
- Soil pH
- 5.5-6.5
- Soil type
- well-draining loam, rich in organic matter
Watering. Keep the soil consistently moist but not soggy. Water when the top inch of soil feels dry. Avoid letting the plant sit in water to prevent root rot.
Fertilizing. Feed the plant with a balanced, water-soluble fertilizer every 4 to 6 weeks during the growing season. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can harm the plant.
Erythroxylum coca is a tropical shrub that requires warm, humid conditions and partial shade. It needs well-draining, slightly acidic soil and consistent moisture without waterlogging. It can be sensitive to cold temperatures and requires careful attention to humidity and temperature to thrive.
Propagation
- Propagation methods
- Seeds, Cuttings
- Care difficulty
- Hard
Ornamental features
- Flowering
- Yes
- Flowering period
- spring
Glossy green leaves with a smooth texture and small white to pale yellow flowers in spring.
Toxicity & Safety
- Toxic to humans
- Mildly toxic
- Toxic to pets
- Mildly toxic
- Weed potential
- Not considered a weed
The plant contains alkaloids that can be harmful if ingested in large amounts. Keep away from children and pets to avoid accidental ingestion.
Allergy information
- Allergy risk
- Low
- Allergy triggers
- Sap or latex, Skin contact
- Pollen level
- Low
Erythroxylum coca may cause allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, especially from contact with its leaves or sap. People who are sensitive to plant sap or have skin allergies should handle it with care. Symptoms can include skin irritation or rash. Wearing gloves and washing hands after handling can help reduce exposure.
Common problems
Common problems include leaf yellowing or dropping due to overwatering or poor drainage, and leaf damage from pests like aphids or mites. It can also suffer if exposed to cold temperatures or too much direct sunlight.
Uses
Primarily grown for its leaves, which have traditional uses as a mild stimulant and for cultural practices. Also grown as an ornamental shrub in suitable climates.
Notes
Prune lightly to maintain shape and remove dead or damaged branches. Repot young plants every 2-3 years to refresh soil. Sensitive to cold drafts and low humidity.