Red Cinchona (Cinchona pubescens)
Pubescens
About this plant
Cinchona pubescens, commonly known as Red Cinchona, is a medium-sized tree famous for its bark, which contains quinine used to treat malaria. It has rough bark and broad leaves with a slightly hairy texture. The tree produces small white to pinkish flowers and is valued both for its medicinal properties and as an ornamental plant in gardens and parks.
Taxonomy
Higher classification: Gentianales
Origin & Distribution
- Native region
- Ecuador, Peru
- Distribution
- Native to the Andean regions of South America, especially Ecuador and Peru. It has been introduced to other tropical areas worldwide.
Care
- Suitable locations
- Outdoor, Greenhouse
- Preferred window facing
- East-facing, South-facing
- USDA hardiness zones
- 9-11
- Soil pH
- 5.5-6.5 (slightly acidic to neutral)
- Soil type
- well-draining loam
Watering. Water moderately, allowing the topsoil to dry out slightly between waterings. Avoid waterlogging to prevent root rot.
Fertilizing. Feed the tree with a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring and mid-summer to support healthy growth. Avoid over-fertilizing, which can harm the plant.
Cinchona pubescens is a hardy tree that prefers moderate care. It grows best in partial sun to shade and needs well-draining soil. Overwatering can cause root problems, so water moderately and allow soil to dry slightly between waterings. It is generally resistant to pests and diseases but may need occasional pruning to maintain shape.
Propagation
- Propagation methods
- Seeds, Cuttings
Ornamental features
- Flowering
- Yes
- Flowering period
- spring
Attractive broad leaves with a soft hairy texture, clusters of small white to pink flowers, and a distinctive rough bark.
Toxicity & Safety
The bark contains quinine, which can be toxic if ingested in large amounts. Keep away from children and pets to prevent accidental ingestion.
Allergy information
Cinchona pubescens may cause mild skin irritation in some people who touch its leaves or bark. It does not produce airborne pollen that commonly triggers allergies. To reduce any risk, wear gloves when handling the plant and wash hands afterward.
Common problems
Overwatering can lead to root rot. Insufficient light may cause poor growth. Occasionally, pests like aphids or scale insects may appear but are usually manageable.
Uses
Primarily grown for its medicinal bark used to produce quinine. Also used as an ornamental tree in gardens and parks due to its attractive foliage and flowers.
Notes
Prune lightly after flowering to maintain shape and remove dead wood. Repot young plants every 2-3 years if grown in containers. Protect from frost and extreme cold temperatures.