Mexican sunflower
Tithonia diversifolia
About this plant
Tithonia diversifolia, commonly called Mexican sunflower, is a tall, bushy plant known for its bright orange-yellow flowers that attract butterflies and bees. It grows quickly and can reach several meters in height. It is often used as an ornamental plant, for erosion control, and as green manure in agriculture due to its nutrient-rich leaves.
Taxonomy
- Genus
- Tithonia
- Family
- Asteraceae
- Higher classification
- Asterales (order)
- Plant type
- Shrub
- Lifespan
- Perennial
Origin & Distribution
- Native region
- Mexico, Central America
- Distribution
- Native to Mexico and Central America; widely cultivated and naturalized in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide.
Care
- Light preference
- Full sun
- Suitable locations
- Outdoor, Balcony, Greenhouse
- Preferred window facing
- South-facing, West-facing
- Watering frequency
- Moderate
- Watering interval
- 3–7 days
- Humidity
- Normal
- Minimum
- 10 °C
- Maximum
- 35 °C
- Optimal
- 18-30 °C
- USDA hardiness zones
- 9-11
- Soil pH
- 6.0-7.5 (slightly acidic to neutral)
- Soil type
- well-draining loam or sandy soil
Watering. Water moderately, allowing the soil to dry slightly between waterings. Avoid overwatering to prevent root rot.
Fertilizing. Apply a balanced fertilizer once a month during the growing season to support healthy growth and flowering. Organic compost can also be used to enrich the soil.
Tithonia diversifolia is a tough, fast-growing shrub that thrives in full sun and well-drained soil. It tolerates dry conditions well but grows best with moderate watering. It requires little maintenance but may need pruning to keep its shape and encourage flowering.
Propagation
- Propagation methods
- Seeds, Cuttings
- Care difficulty
- Easy
Ornamental features
- Flowering
- Yes
- Flowering period
- summer to fall
Bright orange-yellow daisy-like flowers, large green leaves, bushy form
Toxicity & Safety
- Toxic to humans
- Non-toxic
- Toxic to pets
- Non-toxic
- Weed potential
- Low spread
Generally considered non-toxic but may cause mild skin irritation in sensitive individuals. Keep away from pets if they tend to chew plants.
Allergy information
- Allergy risk
- Moderate
- Allergy triggers
- Pollen, Skin contact
- Pollen level
- Moderate
Tithonia diversifolia may cause mild skin irritation in some people who touch its leaves or sap. It produces pollen that can trigger allergies in sensitive individuals, especially during its flowering season. To reduce exposure, wear gloves when handling the plant and avoid being near it when it is flowering if you have pollen allergies.
Common problems
Overwatering can lead to root rot, and poor drainage may cause the plant to decline. In low light, it may grow leggy and produce fewer flowers. Occasionally, pests like aphids or caterpillars can appear.
Uses
Used as an ornamental plant for its bright flowers, in gardens to attract pollinators, for erosion control, and as green manure to improve soil fertility.
Notes
Prune after flowering to maintain shape and encourage new blooms. It can be grown from seeds or cuttings. Avoid waterlogging the soil to prevent root problems.